Polish-English dictionary, Polski dla Obcokrajowców - Polish For Foreigners, Begginer Level - Poziom ...
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AN ENGLISH-SPEAKER'S
POLISH-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
WITH AN ENGLISH-POLISH
INDEX
by
Oscar E. Swan
WEB- OR CD-BASED VERSION
© 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FOR A HARD (PRINTED) OR CD COPY OF THIS DICTIONARY,
CONTACT:
LEKTOREK LANGUAGE MATERIALS
6649 WOODWELL STREET
PITTSBURGH, PA 15217
INTRODUCTION TO THE CD/WEBSITE VERSION
The dictionary version you are now reading is a web- or CD-based
Polish-English dictionary in .pdf format which is item-searchable. The
Polish-English dictionary is followed by an English-Polish index of words
used in the definitions of Polish words.
When searching for a Polish word, first go to the letter under
Bookmarks, then, within the letter, search for the specific item. Search for
an item either by using the scroll bar or the .pdf find-function, obtained by
clicking the Binocular icon. To search for an English item, you may use the
.pdf find-function. When searching in English, search for all matches
through to the end, to determine the best fit. For example, searching under
smoke
will give such matches as
dym
smoke (noun)
,
dymić się
smoke (verb)
,
palić
smoke tobacco,
wędzić
smoke meat,
and others.
You may also search for Polish words with the Binocular icon.
Macintosh (possibly not Windows) machines allow for searches including
Polish letters. Polish letters with diacritics are obtained by pressing the
Option key plus the letter. For example,
ę
is at Option-
e
. Dotted
ż
is located
at Option-
x
. When searching for a match in Polish, only enter as much of a
left-hand match as is likely to identify the word. For example
k∏usuje
it trots
is a form of
k∏usować
trot
. The left-hand match
k∏us
will locate both
k∏us
trot
and
k∏usować
to trot.
INTRODUCTION
A Learner's Polish-English Dictionary
is intended primarily for the
English-speaking reader of Polish interested in arriving at the central and
commonest meanings of a word. Designed to overcome the shortcomings,
for learners of Polish, of Polish-English dictionaries written by and intended
for native-speaking Poles, this work was first published and used in classes
over the internet. Its success in that form led to its publication in its present,
hard-copy form. This dictionary contains over 30,000 entries. It does not
attempt complete coverage of archaic words; technical or scientific terms
outside the range of common usage; names of uncommon plants and
animals; most geographic designations; the latest in international
borrowings. Most terms related to the social sciences and the humanities
are included. A conservative approach has been applied to the inclusion of
recent transparent borrowings from American popular culture, technology,
and business, although some are included. The technical apparatus is kept
to a minimum and should be mostly self-evident to the English-speaking
learner. The user is expected to be familiar with the principles of Polish
inflection, hence regular and predictable endings and formations are not
given. For a detailed description of Polish grammar, the user is referred to
the author's
Grammar of Contemporary Polish
(Slavica: 2002). An English-
Polish version of this dictionary is underway.
PRINCIPLES OF CITATION
Every effort has been made to make the technical apparatus transparent
and unobtrusive, while remianing grammatically informative. Within a
word-entry, the derivationally basic form of a word is given first. Derived
forms considered to belong to the same lexical item are given next,
regardless of alphabetical order. If a form is radically different in
alphabetical order from the base word, it will be listed separately and given
a cross-reference. Regularly derivable forms are not listed separately unless
a regularly predictable form is nevertheless apt to cause confusion. For
example, the locative singular of
ocet
,
occie
, is listed, with a reference to
ocet
, because, even though the form is regular, its visual appearance makes
the word difficult to decipher.
A tilda is used to represent the head-word in phrasal illustrations, as in
kamieƒ
mi -a
stone, rock, flint, gem.
szlachetny ~
gem-stone
If the head-word is illustrated in a different gender or case-form, then the
right-hand part of the word will be taken back to a letter held in common,
as in
bia∏y
aj
white.
do ~∏ego rana
till the break of day
VERBS
Verb conjugation is indicated by giving the 1st and 2nd person sg. forms
of the the present, along with any other irregular present or past forms. The
conjugation of prefixed mono-syllabic verbs is sometimes indicated by
referring to the simplex verb. For example, the following entry indicates
that
donieść
is conjugated like
nieść
:
donieść
^nieść pf, impf
donosić
-szę -sisz o+L
inform or report on
If a verb occurs only or mainly in the 3rd person, only the 3rd person
singular (neuter) will be given. See, for example,
b∏yskać
-a us 3p impf, pf
b∏ysnąć
-śnie b∏ys∏o
shine, flash, twinkle.
Aspect pairs are given in the order basic: derived, regardless of
alphabetical considerations. If this decision causes an alphabetization
problem, then the derived aspect form is listed separately, with a cross
reference. See, for example
irytować
-tuję -tujesz impf, pf
zirytować
irritate
with the derived perfective
zirytować
also having its own listing, with
reference to
irytować
. In general, common prefixed perfective forms of a
simplex imperfective verb will be listed twice, both with the base verb and
as a cross-reference. In the listing
narazić
^razić pf, impf
narażać
endanger.
na+A
expose
to
the basic perfective form is given first, followed by the derived imperfective.
Here no separate listing for
narażać
is needed, since no other words fall
between it and the head word
narazić.
Aspect pairs in
-ać
-ąć
are usually listed in this order; see
bąkać
-am -asz impf, pf
bąknąć
-nę -niesz ,
mumble, blurt out.
However, if the root of the form in
-ać
is altered by overt derivational
processes, the verb will be given under the form in
-nąć
, as in
wytknąć
-nę -niesz pf, impf
wytykać
+D
reproach
with
wytykać
also given in a cross-reference. As this entry shows, derived
imperfectives in
-ać
are assumed to belong to the
-
am -asz
type unless
otherwise indicated.
NOUNS
Possible second forms of a noun, often abbreviated, are used to indicate
mobile vowels or vowel alternations in stems. The second form will be
either genitive singular (for masculine nouns or feminine nouns ending in a
consonant, or genitive plural (for feminine nouns in
-a
and neuter nouns).
See
b∏ąd
b∏ędu
mi
error, mistake
szk∏o
szkie∏ n
glass
pole
pól n
field
świstek
-tka mi
scrap of paper.
Nouns listed as
mi
'masculine inanimate' are assumed to have genitive
singular in
-u
unless noted otherwise. See
przegląd
mi
review, survey
stolik
mi -a
small table, night table, end table.
Nouns listed as
ma
'masculine animate' are assumed to have genitive-
accusative singular in
-a
. See
aporter
ma
retriever (dog)
krew
krwi f
blood
stó∏
sto∏u mi
table
Nouns described as
m fac an
'masculine, facultatively animate' ordinarily
take genitive-accusative singular in
-a
:
papieros
m fac an
cigarette.
Nouns listed as
mp pej
'masculine personal, pejorative' typically do not
soften the stem consonant in the nominative plural, as
świntuch
mp pej
scoundrel, swine.
Feminine personal nouns with a derivationally primary male variant are not
usually separately glossed; see
radios∏uchaczka
-czek fem of radios∏uchacz
with its reference to
radios∏uchacz
mp
radio listener
Plural-only nouns are indicated as such with the tag
pl form:
igrzyska
pl form G igrzysk
games.
~ olimpijskie
Olympic Games.
Singular-only nouns are not specifically marked unless practice would be
different in one language and the other:
refleks
mi us-sg
reflex(es).
Ambiguous English glosses are resolved either by giving a second gloss or
by a parenthical remark:
szermierz
mp
fencer, swordsman
rozciąg∏y
aj
wide open (space)
nacios
mi
blaze (on tree)
The marker
colloq
covers a wide range of usage, ranging from mainly
spoken to slang. Similarly,
vulg
covers a wide range, from crude to highly
offensive. A non-native speaker should always err on the side of caution in
using words of either sort.
ADJECTIVES
Adverbial and comparative forms of adjectives are listed under the
heading of the adjective, regardless of alphabetical considerations. For
example, under
szeroki
, one will find
the comparative adjective
szerszy
and
the comparative adverb
szerzej
. These two forms are also listed separately,
with reference to
szeroki
. See
szeroki
aj
wide, broad.
av
szeroko
.
comp aj
szerszy
.
comp av
szerzej
Regularly predictable adverbial forms are not given unless the adverb is
glossed separately. For example, the listing
kusy
aj
cropped, bob-tailed.
av
kuso
gives
kuso
, since its formation is not necessarily obvious. By contrast, the
listing for
koszmarny
does not give the adverb
koszmarnie
, since its
formation is regular, and the adverb has no established special senses:
koszmarny
aj of koszmar.
horrible, dreadful, nightmarish
The listing for
zasadny
gives the regularly derived adverb
zasadnie
, because
it is frequent and requires a separate gloss:
zasadny
aj
principled.
av
zasadnie
in a principled way
If an adjective has an existence and meaning mainly dependent on a
noun, only the noun to which it is related will be given, as in
porcelanowy
aj of porcelana
HOW THIS DICTIONARY WAS WRITTEN
The present work more or less wrote itself over the course of a number
of years, as vocabulary lists from various Polish language textbooks,
frequency lists, readers, and works from contemporary literature, film, and
mass media were successively added to a constantly growing master list of
words. With the inclusion of vocabulary from the author's
W labiryncie
In
the Labyrinth
(a textbook based on a contemporary Polish soap opera), the
short-story collection
Opowieści mojej żony
Tales of my Wife
by Miros∏aw
˚urawski, and the filmscripts of Krzysztof Kieślowski's ten-part film series
Dekalog
The Decalogue,
the word-list began to assume the appearance of a
real dictionary, containing around 20,000 words. Subsequently, logical gaps
were filled (for example, in the numeral and pronoun systems) and sweeps
were made through various Polish-only dictionaries, bringing the entry-
count to around 25,000. Especially useful was Elżbieta Sobol's
Podręczny
s∏ownik języka polskiego
A Concise Dictionary of Polish
(PWN, Warsaw,
1996). Since that time, the dictionary has been slowly expanding up until the
final submission of the manuscript from the author's spot-reading of
contemporary Polish literature and the press.
The particular way in which this dictionary has arisen means that it will
be found to contain nearly all words needed to read and communicate in
contemporary standard Polish, plus a sizable number of less common items
determined by the happenstance of the author's choice of reading material.
This dictionary is not particularly strong in scientific and technological
vocabulary, although much will be found.
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