Postepowanie administracyjne w instytucjach europejskich 20 XI 2010, POLITOLOGIA Gniezno
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tƭƷńƦǞğƓźĻ ğķƒźƓźƭƷƩğĭǤƆƓĻ Ǟ źƓƭƷǤƷǒĭƆğĭŷ ĻǒƩƦĻƆƭƉźĭŷ
Ћ ƌźƭƷƚƦğķğ ЋЊ ƩƚƉ
tƩĭĻķǒƩǤ
tƩǩĻƦźƭǤ ķƚƷǤĭǩĩĭĻ ƭŅĻƩǤ ƩĻŭǒƌğĭƆź ǩǞźĩǩğƓĻ ǩ ƩĻğƌźǩğĭƆğ ǞƭƦƜƌƓĻƆ ƦƚƌźƷǤƉź ƩƚƌƓĻƆͲ ƦƚƌźƷǤƉź ƩǤĬƚƐƜǞĭǩĻƆ
ƚƩğǩ ǞķƩğǬğƓźğ ƦƩƚŭƩğƒƜǞ ƦƚĭźĩŭğƆĩĭǤĭŷ ǩğ ƭƚĬĩ ǩƓğĭǩƓĻ ƮƩƚķƉź ŅźƓğƓƭƚǞĻ ǞǤƒğŭğƆĩ ƭƷƚƭƚǞğƓźğ
ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩǤ ǩğƩǩĩķǩğƆĩĭĻƆ͵
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƩĻŭǒƌğĭǤƆƓğ Α ƩĻŭǒƐǤ ƚ ƚŭƜƌƓǤƒ ǩğƉƩĻƭźĻ ƭƷƚƭƚǞğƓźğ ķƌğ ǞķƩğǬğƓźğ ğƉƷƜǞ ƚ ĭŷğƩğƉƷĻƩǩĻ
ǒƭƷğǞƚķğǞĭǩǤƒ
Ώ ƚĭŷƩƚƓğ ǩķƩƚǞźğ
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƚĭŷƩƚƓƓğ Α ķƌğ ǞķƩğǬğƓźğ ƮƩƚķƉƜǞ ƚĭŷƩƚƓƓǤĭŷͲ YƚƒźƭƆğ ƓźĻ ƉƚƓƭǒƌƷǒƆĻ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷƜǞ ǩ
ƉƚƒźƷĻƷğƒź ΛǞƭǩǤƭƷƉźĭŷ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷƜǞ ƆĻƭƷ ƦƚƓğķ ЊЎΜ
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ķƚƩğķĭǩğ Α ƆĻƭƷ ŭƐƚǞƓźĻ ƭƷƚƭƚǞğƓğ ķƚ ƩǤƓƉǒ ǞĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓĻŭƚ ǒƩĻŭǒƌƚǞğƓğ Ǟ ğƩƷǤƉǒƌĻ Ќ Ͳ
ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĭźĻƌ ƉƚƒźƭƆź ƦƚǞźƓźĻƓ ƦƩǩĻƉğǩğĮ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷ ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷƚǞź ķƚƩğķĭǩĻƒǒ͵ YƚƒźƷĻƷ
ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźğ ƭǞƚƆğ ƚƦźƓźĻ Ǟ ƷĻƩƒźƓźĻ ǞƭƉğǩğƓǤƒ ƦƩǩĻǩ ƦƩǩĻǞƚķƓźĭǩĩĭĻŭƚͲ ƆĻƭƷ Ɠźƒ ǩğǞƭǩĻ
ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĭźĻƌ ƉƚƒźƭƆź͵ YƚƒźƭƆĻ ǒĭŷǞğƌğƆĩĭ ğƉƷ ƦƩğǞƓǤ ƦƚǞźƓƓğ ǞƭźĩƮĮ Ʀƚķ ǒǞğŭń ƚƦźƓźĻ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷƜǞ
ğƌĻ ƓźĻ ƆĻƭƷ ǩǞźĩǩğƓğ ƷǤƒ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉźĻƒͲ ƚƦźƓźğ ƒğ ĭŷğƩğƉƷĻƩ ŅğƉǒƌƷğƷǤǞƓğ͵ WĻƭƷ Ʒƚ ƩǩĻĭǩ ƓƚǞĻƌźǩǒƆĩĭğ
ƩƚǩƦƚƩǩĩķǩĻƓźĻͲ ƚĬĻĭƓźĻ ƩƚǩƦƚƩǩĩķǩĻƓźĻ ƩğķǤ БЏΉЋЌ͵ tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƆĻƭƷ ǩǞğƓğ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ǩğƩǩĩķĭǩğ
ƚƒƜǞźƚƓğ Ǟ ğƩƷǤƉǒƌĻ Ѝ͵ tƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĻƓźĻ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷǒ ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ ƦƩǩĻǩ ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĭźĻƌğ ƉƚƒźƭƆź ķƚ
ǩğƚƦźƓźƚǞğƓźğ ƦƩǩĻǩ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷ ǩğƩǩĩķĭǩǤ Α ǩğƩǩĩķǩğƆĩĭǤ͵ hƦźƓźğ ƆĻƭƷ ǒĭŷǞğƌğƓğ ǞźńƉƭǩƚƮĭźĩ
ƉǞğƌźŅźƉƚǞğƓğͲ ƦƩǩǤ ĭǩǤƒ ƦƩǩĻǞƚķƓźĭǩĩĭǤ ƓźĻ ƒğ ƦƩğǞğ ŭƐƚƭǒ͵
!ƉƷ ƦƩğǞƓǤ ƦƩǩǤƆńƷǤ ƦƩǩĻǩ ƉƚƒźƭƆĻ ƆĻƭƷ ƚķ Ʃğǩǒ ƭƷƚƭƚǞğƓǤ͵ WĻƮƌź ƚƦźƓźğ ƆĻƭƷ ƚķƒźĻƓƓğ ǩğǩǞǤĭǩğƆ ƆĻƮƌź
ƷĻƓ ğƉƷ ǩğǞźĻƩğ ƩƚǩǞźĩǩğƓźğ ƚķƒźĻƓƓĻ ƚķ ƚƦźƓźź ƉƚƒźƷĻƷǒ ƚķƦƚǞźĻķƓźğ źƓŅƚƩƒğĭƆğ ƆĻƭƷ ƦƩǩĻƭǤƐğƓğ
ƩğķǩźĻ Ǟ ƷğƉźĻƆ ƭǤƷǒğĭƆź ƉƚƒźƭƆğ ƒƚǬĻ ǞƭƷƩǩǤƒğĮ ŭƌƚƭƚǞğƓźĻ ƷĻŭƚ ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ ƓźĻ ķƐǒǬĻƆ ƓźǬ Ɠğ Ќ
ƒźĻƭźĩĭĻ ź Ʃğķğ Ǟ ƷǤƒ ƷĻƩƒźƓźĻ ƒƚǬĻ ǒĭŷǞğƌźĮ ğƉƷ ƦƩğǞƓǤ Ǟ ǩƒźĻƓźƚƓǤƒ ƉƭǩƷğƐĭźĻ͵
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƩĻŭǒƌğĭǤƆƓğ Α ƉƚƌĻƆƓǤ ğƩƷǤƉǒƐͲ ƒğ ǩƐƚǬƚƓǤ ĭŷğƩğƉƷĻƩ Α ķƚ ƒƚƒĻƓƷǒ ƦƚķƆńĭźğ ƚƭƷğƷĻĭǩƓĻƆ
ķĻĭǤǩƆź ƦƩǩĻǩ ƉƚƒźƭƆĻ Ʒğ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƦƩǩĻĬźĻŭğ ƷğƉ ƭğƒƚ ƆğƉ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ǩğƩǩĩķǩğƓźğ͵ YƚƒźƭƆğ ƒğ
ƉƚƒƦĻƷĻƓĭƆĻ ķƚ ǒĭŷǞğƌĻƓźğ ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ ǞǤƐĩĭǩƓźĻ Ǟ ƦƩǩǤƦğķƉǒ ŭķǤ ƆĻƭƷ ƚƓ ǩŭƚķƓǤ ǩ ƚƦźƓźğ
ƉƚƒźƷĻƷǒͲ ŭķǤ ƚƦźƓźğ ƆĻƭƷ ƚķƒźĻƓƓğ ğƌĬƚ ŭķǤ ƆĻƆ ƓźĻ ƒğͲ ƉƚƒźƭƆğ ƦƩǩĻƭǤƌğ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷ ķƚ ƩğķǤ ƚƩğǩ
ƭƷƚƭƚǞƓğ źƓŅƚƩƒğĭƆĻ ķƚ ƦğƩƌğƒĻƓƷǒ ĻǒƩƚƦĻƆƭƉźĻŭƚ͵ DķǤ ƦƩǩĻķƒźƚƷĻƒ ƦƩƚĭĻķƚǞğƓźğ ƆĻƭƷ ğƉƷ ƦƩğǞƓǤ
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ǞƭƦƜƐķĻĭǤķƚǞğƓźğ ƦğƩƌğƒĻƓƷ ƒƚǬĻ ƦƩǩĻƭƐğĮ ƩğķǩźĻ źƓŅƚƩƒğĭƆĻ źǬ YƚƒźƭƆğ ƦƩǩĻƉƩƚĭǩǤ ƌğƉƚƒ ƦĻƷĻƓĭƆĻ
ƦƩǩǤǩƓğƓĻ ƆĻƆ Ǟ ğƉĭźĻ ƦƚķƭƷğǞƚǞǤƒ Ǟ ƉƚƓƭĻƉǞĻƓĭƆź ƒƚŭĩ ĬǤĮ Ќ ƩƚǩǞźğǩğƓźğ
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wğķğ ƒƚǬĻ Ǟ ƷĻƩƒźƓźĻ ķƚ Ќ ƒźĻƭźĻĭǤ ǒĭŷǞğƌźĭ ğƉƷ ƦƩğǞƓǤ
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wğķğ ƒƚǬĻ Ǟ ƷĻƩƒźƓźĻ ķƚ Ќ ƒźĻƭźĻĭǤ ƚķƩǩǒĭźĭ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷ ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ ĭƚ ƒƚǬĻ ƭƦƚǞƚķƚǞğĭ
ƦƚƓƚǞƓĻ ƩƚǩƦğƷƩǩĻƓźĻ ƦƩǩĻǩ YƚƒźƭƆĻ ǞĭǩĻƭƓźĻƆƭǩĻŭƚ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷǒ ğƌĬƚ YƚƒźƭƆğ ƒƚǬĻ
ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĭ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷ ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ Ɠğ ƦƚķƭƷğǞźĻ ƩğƉƷğƷǒ ğƌƚǩǤĭźĻƌƭƉźĻŭƚ
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WĻƮƌź wğķğ Ǟ ƷĻƩƒźƓźĻ Ќ ƒźĻƭźĻĭǤ ƓźĻ ǒĭŷǞğƌź ğƉƷǒ ƦƩğǞƓĻŭƚ ğƌĬƚ ƓźĻ ǩğƆƒźĻ ƓĻŭğƷǤǞƓĻŭƚ
ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ ğƉƷ ƷĻƓ ƆĻƭƷ ǒĭŷǞğƌğƓǤ ƦƩǩĻǩ YƚƒźƭƆĻ
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ƦğƓƭƷǞƚƒ ĭǩƐƚƓƉƚǞƭƉźƒ ǞƭǩĻƌƉźĻ ğƉƷǤ ķƚƷǤĭǩĩĭĻ ƭƩƚķƉƚǞ ƚĭŷƩƚƓƓǤĭŷ ź ƒƚǬĻ ĬǤĮ ƦƩǩĻǞźķǩźğƓǤ
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ƚĬƚǞźĩǩĻƉ ƉƚƓƭǒƌƷğĭƆź ǩ ƦğƓƭƷǞğƒź ĭǩƐƚƓƉƚǞƭƉźƒźͲ Ǟ ƷǤƒ ƷƩǤĬźĻ ğƉƷǤ ƒƚŭĩ ĬǤĮ ƉǞĻƭƷźƚƓƚǞğƓĻ ƦƩǩĻǩ
ƦğƓƭƷǞğ ĭǩƐƚƓƉƚǞƭƉźĻ Ǟ ƷĻƩƒźƓźĻ ǞƭƉğǩğƓǤƒ Ǟ ğƉĭźĻ ƦƚķƭƷğǞƚǞǤƒ ź wğķğ ƒğ ƉźƌƉğ ƒƚǬƌźǞƚƮĭź
ķǩźğƌğƓźğ ķƚƉƌğķƓźĻ Ќʹ
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aƚǬĻ ƦƩǩǤƆĩĮ ƚķƒźĻƓƓǤ ğƉƷ ƦƩğǞƓǤ
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WĻƮƌź ğƉƷ ƦƚķƭƷğǞƚǞǤ ƷğƉ ƦƩǩĻǞźķǒƆĻ ƒƚǬĻ ǞźńƉƭǩƚƮĭźĩ ƉǞğƌźŅźƉƚǞğƓğ ǩğƷǞźĻƩķǩźĭͲ ǩƒźĻƓźĭ
ğƌĬƚ ǒĭŷǤƌźĭ ğƉƷ ƉƚƒźƭƆź
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WĻƮƌź ğƉƷ ƦƚķƭƷğǞƚǞǤ ƷğƉ ƦƩǩĻǞźķǒƆĻͲ ĬƩğƉ ķǩźğƌğƓźğ wğķǤ ƒƚǬĻ ĬǤĮ ƷƚǬƭğƒĻ ǩ ǒĭŷǤƌĻƓźĻƒ
ğƉƷǒ ƉƚƒźƭƆź
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ЋЌ ƌźƦĭğ ЋЏ ƓƩ ЋЏΉЎЊЋ Α tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƩĻŭǒƌğĭǤƆƓğ ƦƚƌğĭǩƚƓğ ǩ YƚƓƷƩƚƌğ
{Ɖƌğķğ ƭźń ǩ Ћ ƚķķǩźĻƌƓǤĭŷ Ņğǩ ƷğƉ ǩǞğƓĻƆ ŅğǩǤ ǞǤƉƚƓğǞĭǩĻƆ ƉƷƚƩĻƆ YƚƒźƭƆğ 9ǒƩƚƦĻƆƭƉğ ƦƩǩĻƉƌğķğ
ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷǤ Ǟ ƭƩƚķƉǒ ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĭźĻƌƚƒ ƦƚƭǩĭǩĻŭƜƌƓǤĭŷ ƦğƓƭƷǞ Ǟ ƚķƦƚǞźĻķƓźƒ ƉƚƒźƷĻĭźĻ ƚƩğǩ ƭƉƌğķğ
ƭźń ǩ ƷǩǞ ĬğǩǤ ƓğķǩƚƩǒ Ǟ ƉƷƚƩĻƆ ƦƩƚƆĻƉƷ ƆĻƭƷ ƦƩǩĻķƉƐğķğƓǤ tğƩƌğƒĻƓƷƚǞź ź ƩğķǩźĻ͵ DƌƚǞƓğ ĭĻĭŷğ Ņğǩ
ƓğķǩƚƩǒ ƦƚƌĻŭğ Ɠğ ƷǤƒͲ ǩĻ ƚķĭŷƚķǩĩĭ ƚķ źƭƷƓźĻƆĩĭǤĭŷ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩ Ɖƚ ƒźƷƚƌƚŭźĭǩƓǤĭŷ tğƩƌğƒĻƓƷ ź wğķğ
ǒǩǤƭƉǒƆğ ƩƚǞƓƚƩǩĻķƓğ ƦƚǩǤĭƆĻ͵ ğ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƒğ ǩğƭƷƚƭƚǞğƓźĻ ƷǤƌƉƚ ķƚ ǞƦƩƚǞğķǩğƓźğ Ǟ ǤĭźĻ ğƉƷƚǞ
ƦƩǩǤƆĻƷǤĭŷ ǩŭƚķƓźĻ ǩ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ǞƭƦƜƐķĻĭǤķƚǞğƓźğ͵ 5ƚƷǤĭǩǤ ƚƓğ ƦƩǩǤƆƒƚǞğƓźğ ƭƩƚķƉƚǞ ƚ ƚŭƚƌƓǤƒ
ǩğƭźĻŭǒ ƒğƆğĭǤƒ Ɠğ ĭĻƌǒ ǩƒźğƓĻ źƓƓǤĭŷ ƓźǬ ƭƷƚƷƓĻ ĻƌĻƒĻƓƷǤ ğƉƷǒ ƦƚķƭƷğǞƚǞĻŭƚ ƓƦ͵ ƦƚƦƩǩĻǩ
ǒƭǒƓźĻĭźĻ ĭǩĻƭĭź ƷǤĭŷ ĻƌĻƒĻƓƷƚǞ͵ 9ƌĻƒĻƓƷǤ ƦƚǩƚƭƷğƆğ Ǟ ŭĻƭƷźź ƦƩğǞƚķğǞĭǤ ź ƒƚŭĩ ǩƚƭƷğĭ ǩƒźĻƓźƚƓĻ
Ǟ ķƩƚķǩĻ ǩǞǤƉƌĻƆ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩǤ ƌĻŭźƭƌğĭǤƆƓĻƆ ǩŭƚķƓźĻ ǩ ƚƩǩĻĭǩƓźĭƷǞĻƒ 9{ Αǒ͵
{ƩƚķƉź ƨǞğǩź ƌĻŭźƭƌğĭǤƆƓĻ͵
ğƭğķğ ǩğƦƚĬźĻŭğƓźğ ƩǒƷǤƓźĻ ź ƉƚƩǒƦĭƆź ǒƩǩńķƓźƉƜǞ ƦƚƦƩǩĻǩ ǞƦƩƚǞğķǩĻƓźĻ ǩğƭğķǤ ƒƚĬźƌƓƚƮĭź Ɠğ
ǞƭǩǤƭƷƉźĭŷ ƭǩĭǩĻĬƌğĭŷ͵ ƭƉğǩğƓǤ ƚƉƩĻƭ ƦƩğĭǤ Ɠğ ƆĻķƓǤƒ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉǒ Ʒƚ Ћ ƌğƷğ ƒğƉƭǤƒğƌƓźĻ Ў ƌğƷ͵
bğ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğĭŷ ƓĻǞƩğƌŭźĭǩƓǤĭŷ ƓƦ͵ ǩǞźĩǩğƓǤĭŷ ǩ ƦƩǩǤǩƓğǞğƓźĻƒ ƉƚƓƷƩğƉƷƚǞ͵
ƩǩĻķƓźƉźĻƒ 9 ƆĻƭƷ ƚƭƚĬğ ƉƷƜƩğ Ǟ ƆĻķƓĻƆ ǩ źƓƭƷǤƷǒĭƆź ǒƓźƆƓǤĭŷ ǞǤƉƚƓǒƆĻ ƭƷğƌğ ƦƩğĭĻ ź ǩƚƭƷğƌğ
ƓƚƒźƓƚǞğƓğ ķƚ ƆĻƆ ǞǤƉƚƓğƓźğ Ɠğ ƦƚķƭƷğǞźĻ ƦźƭĻƒƓĻŭƚ ğƉƷǒ ǒƒƚǞǤ ƚ ƦƩğĭĻ ǞǤķğƓĻŭƚ ƦƩǩĻǩ
LƓƭƷǤƷǒĭƆĻ ƚƭƚĬǤ ǩğƷƩǒķƓźƚƓĻ Ǟ Ʃğƒğĭŷ ǒƒƚǞǤ ƚ ƦƩğĭĻ ǩǤƭƉǒƆğ ƭƷğƷǒƭ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉğ ƭƐǒǬĬǤ ĭǤǞźƌƓĻƆ 9
bźĻ ķƚƷǤĭǩǤ Ʒƚ ƆĻķƓğƉ ƉğķƩǤ ƌƚƉğƌƓĻƆ Ǟ ƦƩǩĻķƭƷğǞźĭźĻƌƭƷǞğĭŷ ƉƚƒźƭƆź ƚķķĻƌĻŭƚǞğƓǤĭŷ ĻƉƭƦĻƩƷƚǞ
ƓğƩƚķƚǞǤĭŷͲ ƭƦĻĭƆğƌƓǤĭŷ ķƚƩğķĭƚǞ ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ ƉƩǤǩǤƭƚǞ ǞĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓǤĭŷ ƚƩğǩ źƓƓǤĭŷ ƦƩğĭƚǞƓźƉƚǞ
ğ ƦƚƮƩĻķƓźĭƷǞĻƒ ŅźƩƒ ǩĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓǤĭŷ͵ ƩǩĻķƓźĭǤ ƷǞƚƩǩğ ƉƚƩƦǒƭ ƭƐǒǬĬǤ ĭǤǞźƌƓĻƆͲ ƉƷƜƩǤ ƦƩğĭǒƆĻ ķƌğ
ƦƚƭǩĭǩĻŭƜƌƓǤĭŷ źƓƭƷǤƷǒĭƆź ƚƩğǩ ğŭĻƓĭƆź ǞƭƦƜƌƓƚƷƚǞǤĭŷͲ ǒƩǩĻķƓźĭǤ {! Ɠ źĻǩğǞźƭƌź ź ƓźĻǩğƌĻǬƓź ƚķ Ǟƌğķǩ
ǩĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓǤĭŷ ƓźĻ ƒƚŭĩ ƚƷƩǩǤƒǤǞğĮ ǩğķƓǤĭŷ źƓƭƷƩǒƉĭƆź ƚķ Ǟƌğķǩ ƉƩğƆƚǞǤĭŷ
wĻķǒƉĭƆğ ǩ Ѝ ķƚ Ћ ŭƩǒƦ ğķ ź ğƭƷ ğ ƓƚǞğ ƭƷƩǒƉƷǒƩğ ƉğƩźĻƩǤ ƚƦźĻƩğ ƭźń ƚ ЊЏ ƭƷƚƦƓź͵ !ƭǤƭƷĻƓĭź ǩğƭƷńƦǒƆĩ
ǒƩǩńķƓźƉƜǞ ƉğƷĻŭƚƩźź ĭ ź Ĭ Ʀƚ ƩƚǩƦƚĭǩńĭźǒ ƉğƩźĻƩǤ Ǟ ƭƷƚƦƓźǒ ƚķ Њ ķƚ Ѝ ƒƚŭĩ ƦƩǩĻƉǞğƌźŅźƉƚǞğĭ ƭźń Ɠğ
ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ ЊЊ͵ Ў ƦƚǩźƒƚǞ ƦƌğĭƚǞǤĭŷ ķƌğ ƉğǬķĻŭƚ ƭƷƚƦƓźğ ǩğ ǞǤƆĩƷƉźĻƒ ƭƷƚƦƓźğ ЊЏ ƉƷƜƩǤ ķǩźĻƌź ƭźń Ɠğ Ќ
ƦƚǩźƚƒǤ ƦƌğĭƚǞĻ͵ ǞǤƆĩƷƉźĻƒ ǒǬǤƷƉƚǞƓźƉƜǞ ƭƷƚƦƓźğ ğķЊЏ ź ğķЊЎͲ ƉƷƜƩǩǤ {! Ɠğ ƭǞƚƆĻ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ
ƒźğƓƚǞğƓź Ʒƚ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆğ ƦƚǩƚƭƷğƐǤĭŷ ƦƩğĭƚǞƓźƉƚǞ ƚķĬǤǞğ ƭźń Ǟ ķƩƚķǩĻ ƉƚƓƉǒƩƭǒ͵
²±ȁ Α
tƩƚĭĻƭ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆź ƭƉƌğķğ ƭźń ǩ Ѝ ĻƷğƦƚǞʹ
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ǤƦĻƌƓźĻƓźĻ ŅƚƩƒǒƌğƩǩğ ƩĻƆĻƭƷƩğĭǤƆƓĻŭƚ
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ĻƭƷǤ ƦƩĻƭĻƌĻƉĭǤƆƓĻ
Ќ͵
9ŭǩğƒźƓ ƦźƭĻƒƓǤ
Ѝ͵
wƚǩƒƚǞğ ƉǞğƌźŅźƉğĭǤƆƓğ Ʀƚ ǞƦźƭğƓźǒ Ɠğ ƌźƭƷĻ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ǞğǩƓğ ƆĻƭƷ ƦƩğƉƷǤƉğ ƭƷğƩǤĭŷ ƉƩğƆƚǞ
ĭǩƐƚƓƉƚǞƭƉźĭŷͲ źƓźĭƆğƷǤǞğ ƉğƓķǤķğƷğ ź ƌƚĬĬźƓŭ
5ǤƩĻƉƷƚƩǩǤ ź ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩǩǤ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓź ƆĻƮƌź ƚķĭŷƚķǩğ ğƌĬƚ ƦƩǩĻĭŷƚķǩğ Ɠğ źƓƓĻ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉƚͲ ǩğĭǩǤƓğ ƭźń
ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ǩŭƌƚƭǩĻƓźƚǞğͲ YƚƒźƭƆğ Ǟ ƚŭƐƚƭǩĻƓźǒ ǞƭƉğǩǒƆĻ ƭƷğƓķğƩķǤ ЊЋ ƌğƷ ķƚƮǞźğķĭǩĻƓźğ
ǩğǞƚķƚǞĻŭƚ Ǟ ƷǤƒ Џ ƌğƷ Ɠğ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉǒ ƉźĻƩƚǞƓźĭǩǤƒ͵ YğƓķǤķğĭź {! ǩƚĬƚǞźĩǩğƓź ķƚ ƚķĬǤĭźğ
ƭǩƉƚƌĻƓźğ ķƌğ ƦĻƩƭƚƓĻƌǒ ǩğƩǩĩķǩğƆĩĭĻŭƚ͵ {ğ ƷĻǩ ƭǩƉƚƌĻƓźğ źƓķǤǞźķǒğƌƓĻ͵ YƚƒźƭƆğ ƦƩƚƒǒƆĻ ƦƚƌźƷǤƉĻ
ƩƚǞƓǤĭŷ ƭǩğƓƭ͵
YğƓķǤķğĭź ǩĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓź Α źƓŅƚƩƒğĭƆĻ ƚ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆź Ɠğ ǞǤǬƭǩĻ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ ǩğƩǩĩķǩğƆĩĭĻ ƦǒĬƌźƉƚǞğƓĻ {!
ƩƚǞƓƚƌĻŭƌĻ ǞĻǞƓĩƷƩǩ ź Ɠğ ǩĻǞƓğƷƩǩ Ɠźź ǞƷĻķǤ ŭķǤ ƓźĻ ǩŭƐƚƭǩĩ ƭźń ƚķƦƚǞźĻķƓź ƉğƓķǤķğĭź ǩ ƦğƓƭƷǞ
ĭǩƐƚƓƉƚǞƭƉźĭŷ ź Ǟ ƷğƉźĻƆ ƭǤƷǒğĭƆź ƉƚƒźƭğƩǩ ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ ƦĻƩƭƚƓĻƌǒͲ ƚķƦƚǞźĻķǩźğƌƓǤ ǩğ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆĻ ƚƩğǩ
ƦƩǩĻǞƚķƓźĭǩĩĭǤ ƉƚƒźƭƆź ƦƚķĻƆƒǒƆğ ķĻĭǤǩƆĻ ƚ ƦƚƭǩǒƉźǞğƓźǒ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ǩĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓǤĭŷ͵ hĬƚǞźğǩĻƉ
źƓŅƚƩƒğĭƆź ƚ ǞğƉğƷğĭŷ Ɠğ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩƚǞ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓǤĭŷ ź ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩƚǞ͵ 5źğƌğƌƓƚƭĭ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷǒ
ƉƚƓƭǒƌƷğĭǤƆƓĻŭƚ ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ ƓƚƒźƓğĭƆźͲ ƉƷƜƩǤ ķǩźğƌğ Ǟ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩźğĭźĻ ğķƒźƓźƭƷƩğĭǤƆƓǤƒ ź ŭƐƜǞƓǤƒ
ǩğķğƓźĻƒ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷǒ ƆĻƭƷ ķƚƩğķǩğƓźĻ ƉƚƌĻŭźǒƒ Ǟ ƭƦƩğǞğĭŷ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆź Ɠğ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩƚǞ
ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓǤĭŷ ź ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩƚǞ͵ hƩŭğƓ ƚĭĻƓźğƆğĭǤ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ź ƦƩǩĻƦƩƚǞğķǩğƆğĭǤ ǩ Ɠźƒź ƩƚǩƒƚǞǤͲ
ķƚƉƚƓǒƆĻ ǞƭƷĻƦƓĻƆ ƭĻƌĻƉĭƆź ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ͵ ƭƉƌğķ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷƚǞ Ǟĭŷƚķǩź ƭĻƉƩĻƷğƩǩ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓǤͲ ƭƷğƌǤ
ƭƦƩğǞƚǩķğǞĭğͲ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓǤ ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ ğķƒźƓźƭƷƩğĭǤƆƓǤĭŷͲͲ ƭǩĻŅ ŭğĬźƓĻƷǒ ƉƚƒźƭğƩǩğ ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ
ƦĻƩƭƚƓĻƌǒ Α ŅǒƓƉĭƆĻ ƦƚƒƚĭƓźĭǩĻ ĻƉƭƦĻƩĭź ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ ǩğƭƚĬƚǞ ƌǒķǩƉźĭŷͲ ƭǩĻŅ ŭğĬźƓĻƷǒ
ƦƩǩĻǞƚķƓźĭǩĩĭĻŭƚ ğƌĬƚ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓǤ ķƚ ƭƦƩğǞ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆź͵
Њ͵
ğ ƦƚƩƚǩǒƒźĻƓźĻƒͲ ķƩƚŭğ ƉƚƓƭĻƓƭǒƭǒ
Ћ͵
DƌƚƭƚǞğƓźĻ ƒƚǬƌźǞĻ ƆĻƭƷ Ɠğ ƦƩƚƭĬĻ ƆĻķƓĻŭƚ ǩ ĭǩƐƚƓƉƜǞ ź ǞƜǞĭǩğƭ ǞǤƒğŭğƓğ ƆĻƭƷ ǩǞǤƉƌğ
ǞźńƉƭǩƚƮĮ ŭƌƚƭƚǞ ƉǞƚƩǒƒ Ѝ ĭǩƌƚƓƉƚǞ
{ƦƚƷƉğƓźğ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷƚǞ {! ƦƚǒŅƓĻͲ Ʀƚ ƦƩǩĻƭƐǒĭŷğƓźǒ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷ ƦƩǩǤƆƒǒƆĻ ƚƦźƓźĻ ź Ɠğ ƆĻƆ
ƦƚķƭƷğǞźĻ ƭƦƚƩǩğķǩğ ƭƉƩƚĭƚƓğ ƌźƭƷĻ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ͵ {ƉƩƚĭĻƓźĻ ƌźƭƷǤ ƓğƭƷĻƦǒƆĻ Ɠğ ƦƚķƭƷğǞźĻ
ƉƚƒƦĻƷĻƓĭƆźͲ ǩķƚƌƓƚƮĭź źƓƷĻƩƦĻƩƭƚƓğƌƓǤĭŷ ƚƩğǩ ǩķƚƌƓƚƮĭź ƒĻƓğķǬĻƩƭƉźĭŷ͵ bğƭƷĻƦƓźĻ ƌźƭƷğ ƦƩǩĻƭǤƌğƓğ
ƆĻƭƷ YƚƒźƭğƩǩƚǞź ķƭ͵ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆźͲ ƉƷƜƩǤ ķĻĭǤķǒƆĻ ĭǩǤ ƌźƭƷğ ƭƉƩƚĭƚƓğ ƆĻƭƷ ǞƌğƭĭźǞğ͵ ğƦƩğƭǩğ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ
Ɠğ ķƚķğƷƉƚǞĻ ƩƚǩƒƚǞǤͲ ƦƩǩǤŭƚƷƚǞǒƆĻ ƦƩƚƦƚǩǤĭƆĻ ƚƭƷğƷĻĭǩƓĻƆ ķĻĭǤǩƆź ƦƚķĻƆƒƚǞğƓĻƆ ƦƩǩĻǩ ƉƚƒźƭƆĻͲ
ƉƚƒźƭƆğ ƦƚķĻƆƒǒƆĻ ķĻĭǤǩƆĻ Ɠğ ƦƚķƭƷğǞźĻ ƦƩƚƦƚǩǤĭƆź ƉƚƒźƭğƩǩğ ķƭ͵ ƩĻƉƩǒƷğĭƆź ƚƩğǩ ķƭ͵ ƦĻƩƭƚƓĻƌǒ ź
ğķƒźƓźƭƷƩğĭƆź YźĻķǤ ĬƩğƉ ƆĻƭƷ ƭğƷǤƭŅğƉĭƆƚƓǒƆĩĭǤĭŷ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ǞƜǞĭǩğƭ ƉƚƒźƭğƩǩ ķƭ͵ ƦĻƩƭƚƓĻƌǒ ƚƩğǩ
ƦƩǩĻǞƚķƓźĭǩĩĭǤ ƉƚƒźƭƆźƒƚŭğ ƦƩǩĻƭƐǒĭŷğĮ ķƚķğƷƉƚǞǤĭŷ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞͲ ƉƷƜƩǩǤ ƓźĻ ǩƓğƌĻǪƌź ƭźń Ɠğ
ƭƉƩƚĭƚƓĻƆ ƌźƭĭźĻ ƌǒĬ ķĻĭǤķǒƆğ ƚ ƦƚƓƚǞƓĻƆ ƦǒĬƌźƉğĭƆź źƓŅƚƩƒğĭƆź ƚ ǞğƉğƷğĭŷ͵
²±ȁ Β
hķ ЋЍ ƩƚƉǒ ǩƓźĻƭźƚƓƚ ğǒƷƚƒğƷǤĭǩƓǤ ğǞğƓƭ Ɠğ ǞǤǬƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ ź ƚķƷğķ ƩƚǩǞƚƆ ƉğƩźĻƩǤ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉğ
ǒǩğƌĻǬƓźƚƓǤ ƆĻƭƷ ƚķ źƌƚƮĭź ƦƩǩǤǩƓğƓǤĭŷ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ ƒĻƩǤƷƚƩǤĭǩƓǤĭŷ Ǟ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩǩĻ ƚĭĻƓǤ ź ƦƩźƚƩǤƷĻƷƚǞǤĭŷ
Ǟ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩǩĻ ƦƩƚƒƚĭƆź͵ tǒƓƉƷǤ ƷĻ {! ǞǤƓźƉźĻƒ ƆğƉƚƮĭź ƦƩğĭǤ ƭƷğķ ƦƩƚƒƚĭƆğ Ɠğ ǞǤǬƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ ƓźĻ
ǩğƌĻǩǤ ƚķ ĭǩğƭǒ ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓĻƆ ƦƩğĭǤ ź ǞźĻƉǒ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉğ͵ tǒƓƉƷǤ ƷĻ ǩğƦźƭǤǞğƓĻ {! Ǟ ŅƚƩƒǒƌğƩǩǒ
ƩƚǩǞƚƆǒ ƉğƩźĻƩǤ ƚķƩńĬƓǤƒ ķƌğ ƉğǬķĻŭƚ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉğ͵ aƚǩƌźǞƚƭĭ ğǞğƓƭƚǞğƓźğ ǩ ğƭǤƭƷĻƓƷğ Ɠğ
ğķƒźƓźƭƷƩğƷƚƩƚ Α ķƚƷǤĭǩǤ ğƭƷЎ ΏѢ Ʀƚ ǒƉƚƔĭǩĻƓźǒ ƭƦĻĭƆğƌƓĻŭƚ ƉǒƩƭǒ ƒƚŭĩ ǩƚƭƷğĭ ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƭźĻƓźĻ ķƚ
ƉğƷĻŭƚƩźź !ķ ğƌĻ ƌźĭǩĬğ Ǟ ƷĻƓ ƭƦƚƭƜĬ ğǞğƓƭƚǞğƓǤĭŷ ƚƭƚĬ ƓźĻ ƒƚǬĻ ƦƩǩĻƉƩƚĭǩǤĭ Ћі ƚŭƚƌƓĻƆ ƌźĭǩĬǤ
ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉ Ǟ ƉğƷĻŭƚƩźź !ķ ƚĬƭğķǩğƓǤĭŷ Ǟ ķğƓǤƒ ƩƚƉǒ Ǟ ķƩƚķǩĻ ƉƚƓƉǒƩƭǒ͵
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩğ ƚĭĻƓǤ Α ĭƚƩƚĭǩƓğ ƚĭĻƓğ ǒƩǩńķƓźƉƜǞ !ǩ ķƚ ƭƷƚƦƓźğ ğķЊЍ ĬğǩǒƆĻ Ɠğ ƦǒƓƉƷğĭŷ
ƒĻƩǤƷƚƩǤĭǩƓǤĭŷͲ ǒƩǩĻķƓźĭǤ ǩƒźĻƓźğƆğĭǤ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉƚ ƦƩğĭǤ Ɠğ ƓƚǞĻ ǩğǞźĻƩğƆğ ǩķƚĬǤƷĻ ǩķƚĬǤƷĻ
ķƚƷǤĭŷĭǩğƭ ƦǒƓƉƷǤ͵ YƌǒĭǩƚǞǤƒź ǞƭƉğǪƓźƉğƒź ĬƩğƓǤƒź Ʀƚķ ǒǞğŭĻ {ğ ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓźĻ ƦƩğĭǤ ĭǩǤƌź ĻŅĻƉƷǤ
ƦƩğĭǤͲ ǒƒźĻƆńƷƓƚƮĭź ĭǩǤƌź ǩķƚƌƓƚƮĭź ź ƚŭƚƌƓğ ƦƚƭƷğǞğ͵ hĭĻƓğ ƦƚǞǤǬĻƆ ƭƩĻķƓźĻƆ ƆĻƭƷ ƚķ ЊА ķƚ Ћ
ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ ƒĻƩǤƷƚƩǤĭǩƓǤĭŷ͵ {ƩĻķƓźğ ƚķ ЊЋ ķƚ ЊЏ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ ğ ƦƚƓźǬĻƆ ƭƩĻķƓźĻƆ Ʒƚ ƚķ ЊЊ Ǟ ķƚƌ͵ ǩǞźĩǩƉǒ
ǩ ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓźĻƒ ƦƩğĭǤ ƒƚǬƓğ ƚƷƩǩǤƒğĭ ƒğƉƭǤƒğƌƓźĻ Ћ ƦƉƷ ƒĻƩǤƷƚƩǤĭǩƓǤĭŷ͵ ͧ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ ǩğ
ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓźĻ ƦƩğĭǤ Џ ǩğ ǒƒźĻƆńƷƓƚƮĭź Ǟ ƷǤƒ Ѝ ǩğ ƦƚƭƷğǞĻ͵
tǒƓƉƷǤ ƦƩźƚƩǤƷĻƷƚǞĻʹ ƦƩǩǤǩƓğǞğƓĻ {! Ǟ ƦƩƚĭĻķǒƩǩĻ ƦƩƚƒƚĭƆź ƉƷƜƩğ ǩğĭǩǤƓğ ƭźń Ɠğ ƦƚĭǩĩƷƉǒ ƉǞźĻƷƓźğ
ƉğǬķĻŭƚ ƩƚƉǒ Ʀƚ ǩğƉƚƔĭǩĻƓźǒ ƦƩƚĭĻƭǒ ƚĭĻƓǤ͵ 5ǤƩĻƉƷƚƩ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓǤ ƦƩǩǤǩƓğƆĻ Њ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ ǩğ ƭƦĻĭƆğƌƓĻ
ǩğƭƐǒŭź ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩźğƷƚǞź ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓĻƒǒ ź Ǟ Ʃğƒğĭŷ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩźğƷǒ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓĻŭƚ ƦƚƌƚǞĻ ƷǤĭŷ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ
ǒǩǤƭƉǒƆĻ ЊЎі ǒƩǩńķƓźƉƜǞ ƷǤĭŷͲ ƉƷƜƩǩǤ {! ƚĭĻƓźĻƓź ƦƚǞǤǬĻƆ ƭƩĻķƓźĻƆ͵ 5Ʃǒŭğ ĭǩĻƭĭ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ
ƦƩǩǤǩƓğǞğƓğ ƆĻƭƷ ƦƚǩƚƭƷğƐǤƒ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉƚƒ͵ 5ƚķğƷƉƚǞĻ Ћ ƦǒƓƉƷǤ ƦƩźƚƩǤƷĻƷƚǞĻ ƒƚŭĩ ĬǤĮ ƦƩǩǤǩƓğƓĻ
ƦƩǩĻǩ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷǤ ķƭ͵ ƦƩƚƒƚĭƆź ķǩźğƐğƆĩĭĻ Ǟ Ʃğƒğĭŷ ƉğǬķĻŭƚ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩźğƷǒ͵ YƚƒźƷĻƷ ĬźĻƩǩĻ Ʀƚķ ǒǞğŭĻ
ķǩźğƌğƓźğ ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓĻ Ǟ źƓƷĻƩĻƭźĻ ƉƚƒźƭƆźͲ ĭǩǤƌź ǒǩƓğƓźĻ ǩğ ķǩźğƌğƓźĻ Ɠğ ƩǩĻĭǩ ĭğƌĻƆ źƓƭƷǤƷǒĭƆź͵
ağƉƭǤƒğƌƓğ źƌƚƮĮ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ ƭźĻŭğ ЌЋ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞ͵
{ƩĻķƓź ƭǩĭǩĻĬĻƌ ǩğƩǩğķǩğƓźğ ĭǩǤƌź ƭǩĻŅƚǞźĻ ǞǤķǩźğƐƜǞʹ ĭƚƩƚĭǩƓğ ƚĭĻƓğͲ ƆĻƮƌź ǩƚƭƷğƓğ Ǟ ƭƦƚƭƜĬ
ƓźĻƭğƷǤƭŅğƉĭƆƚƓǒƆĩĭǤ ƚĭĻƓźĻƓź Ǟ ķǞƚĭŷ ƉƚƌĻƆƓǤĭŷ ƩğƦƚƩƷğĭŷ Ʒƚ ƦƚķƌĻŭğƆğ ķƚķğƷƉƚǞĻƆ ƚĭĻƓźĻ ƆĻķƓĻŭƚ
ǩ ЋΏƷǒ ǞǤǬƭǩĻƆ ƩğƓŭź ǒƩǩńķƓźƉƜǞ ǩğƆƒǒƆĩĭǤĭŷ ƭźń ƦƩǩǤŭƚƷƚǞğƓźĻƒ ƩğƦƚƩƷƚǞ ƦƩğĭƚǞƓźĭǩǤĭŷ͵
ƦƩǩǤƦğķƉǒ ŭķǤ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉ ƉźĻƩǒƆĩĭǤ ƩğƦƚƩƷĻƒ ǩŭƚķǩź ƭźń ǩ ǞǤƓźƉźĻƒ ƦƚƦƩǩĻķƓźĭŷ ƓĻŭğƷǤǞƓǤĭŷ
ƩğƦƚƩƷƚǞ Ʒƚ ƒƚǬĻ ƭƉźĻƩƚǞğĭ ƭƦƩğǞĻ ķƚ ƉƚƒźƷĻƷǒ ƉƚƓƭǒƌƷğĭǤƆƓĻŭƚ ķƭ͵ ƓƚƒźƓğĭƆźͲ ƉƷƜƩǤ ǩğƚƦźƓźǒƆĻ ĭǩǤ
ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƮĮ ƭǩĻŅğ ǞǤķǩźğƌǒ Ɠğ źƓƓĻ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉƚ ǩğƩǩĩķǩğƆĩĭĻ ĭǩǤ ƷĻǩ ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƮĮ Ɠğ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉƚ ƓźĻ
ǩƓğƆķǒƆĩĭĻ ƭźĻǞ ƦźƚƓźĻ ǩğƩǩğķǩğƓźğ͵ bğƷƚƒźğƭƷ ƭǩĻŅƚǞźĻ ǞǤķǩźğƐƜǞ ƦƩğĭǒƆĩĭǤ Ǟ ƚƉƩĻƭźĻ ƦƩƚĬƓǤƒ
ƦƚķķğƓź ǩƚƭƷğƓğ ƓźĻŅƚƩƒğƌƓĻƆ ƚĭĻƓźĻ Ʀƚ Ў ƒźĻƭźğĭğĭŷ ƚ ƚƭƷğƷĻĭǩƓĻƆ ƚĭĻƓźĻ Ʀƚķ ƉƚƓźĻĭ ƚƉƩĻƭǒ
ƦƩƚĬƓĻŭƚ ƚƭƷğƷĻĭǩƓĻƆ ƚĭĻƓźĻ ŅƚƩƒğƌƓĻƆ͵
Ǥǩƭź ǒƩǩĻķƓźĭǤ Α ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩǩǤͲ ķǤƩĻƉƷƚƩǩǤ ŭĻƓĻƩğƌƓź ƚĭĻƓźğƓź {! Ʃğǩ Ɠğ Ћ ƌğƷğͲ ƚĭĻƓğ ǩğǞźĻƩğ
ƭğƒƚƚĭĻƓĻͲ ƓğƭƷĻƦƓźĻ ƩƚǩƒƚǞĻ ǩ ĬĻǩƦƚƮƩĻķƓźƒ ƦƩǩĻƐƚǬƚƓǤƒ Ɠğ ƷĻƒğƷͲ ƉƷƜƩǤ ŅƚƩƒǒƌǒƆĻ ƚĭĻƓĻ Ɠğ
ƦƚķƭƷğǞźĻ ƚƦźƓźź ƚƭƚĬ ǩğƷƩǒķƓźƚƓǤĭŷ Ǟ ƉƚƒźƭƆźͲ ƦƚƷĻƒ ƦƚǞƭƷğƆĻ ƩğƦƚƩƷ ƉƷƜƩǤ ǩğǞźĻƩğ źƌƚƮĭźƚǞĻ ź
ƆğƉƚƮĭźƚǞĻ ƚƦźƓźĻ źƌĻ ĬǤƐƚ ƚƦźƓź ƆğƉ ĬƩǩƒźğƐǤͲ ƒƚǬƓğ ƭźń ƚķǞƚƐğĮ ƚķ ƩğƦƩƷǒ źƓƓź ǒƩǩĻķƓźĭǤ ƓźĻ ƒğƆğ
ƷğƉźĻƆ ƒƚǬƌźǞƚƮĭź͵ wĻǩǒƌğƷğƷĻƒ {! ķĻĭǤǩƆĻ Ǟ ƭƦƩğǞźĻ ƒƚĬźƌƓƚƮĮ͵ bƚǞź ǞǤǩƭź ǒƩǩĻķƓźĭǤ Ɠğ ƚƉƩĻƭźĻ
ƦƩƚĬƓǤƒ ƦƚķķğƓź {! ƦźĻƒƓĻƆ ƚĭĻƓźĻ Ʀƚ ƩƚƉǒ ƚķ ƚĬƆĻĭźğ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ͵ tƚķƚĬƓźĻ ǩĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓź ƉğƓķǤķğĭź͵
²±ȁ Γ
ƦƩǩǤƦğķƉǒ ƉğƓķǤķğƷƚǞ ǩĻǞƓńƷƩǩƓǤĭŷ ƒƚǬĻ Ʒƚ ĬǤĮ ƓźĻ ƦƩǩĻķƐǒǬĻƓźĻ ǒƒƚǞǤ Ǟ ƦƩǩǤƦğķƉǒ
ƦƚǩƚƭƷğƐǤĭŷ ǒƩǩńķƓźƉƜǞ Α ƚƦƩğĭƚǞǒƆĻ ƭźń ƦƌğƓ ƩƚǩǞźĩǩğƓźğ ƦƩƚĬƌĻƒƚǞ͵ WĻƮƌź ƦƌğƓ ƓźĻ ƦƩǩǤƓźĻƭźĻ
ĻŅĻƉƷƚǞ ƒƚǬƓğ ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƮĮ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉğ Ɠğ źƓƓĻ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉƚͲ ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƮĮ Ɠğ ƓźǩƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ ğƌĬƚ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉ
ǩƚƭƷğƆĻ ǞǤƭƌğƓǤ Ɠğ ǞĭǩĻƭƓźĻƆƭǩğ ĻƒĻƩǤƷǒƩĻ͵ tźƭǤ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉ ƦƩğĭǤ ƭƉƐğķğƆĩ ƭźń ǩ Ќ ƭƷğƌǤĭŷ ƦǒƓƉƷƚǞʹ
Њ͵
tƩƚŅźƌǒ ƦƩğĭǤ ĭǩǤƌź ƚĬƚǞźĩǩƉǒ ƦƩğĭƚǞƓźƉğͲ ƮƩƚķƚǞźƭƉğ ƦƩğĭǤ ĭǩǤƌź ĭǩǤƓƓźƉź ǞƦƐǤǞğƆĩĭĻ Ɠğ
ǞğƩǒƓƉź ƦƩğĭǤ ź ǞǤƒğŭğƓ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ ƦƩğĭǤͲ ĭǩǤƌź ĻƌĻƒĻƓƷǤ ǒǩƓğƓĻ ǩğ ǞƐğƮĭźǞĻ ķƚ
ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓźğ ƦƩğĭǤ
{ƩƚķƉź ķǤƭĭǤƦƌźƓğƩƓĻ Α ƚƩŭğƓ ƦƚǞƚƐǒƆĩĭǤ ƒƚǬĻ ƓğƐƚǬǤĮ ƆĻķƓğ ǩ ƓğƭƷńƦǒƆĩĭǤĭŷ ƉğƩʹ
Њ͵
tźƭĻƒƓĻ ǒƦƚƒƓźĻƓźĻ
Ћ͵
YğƩğ ƓğŭğƓǤ
Ќ͵
hķƩƚĭǩĻƓźĻ ğǞğƓƭǒ Ɠğ ǞǤǬƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ Ɠğ ƚƉƩĻƭ ƚķ Њ ķƚ ЋЌ ƒźĻƭźĻĭǤ
Ѝ͵
tƩǩĻƓźĻƭźĻƓźĻ Ɠğ ƓźǩƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ
Ў͵
/ǩğƭƚǞĻ ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƭźĻƓźĻ Ɠğ ƓźǩƭǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ Ɠğ ƚƉƩĻƭ ƚķ ЊЎ ķƓź ķƚ ƆĻķƓĻŭƚ ƩƚƉǒ
Џ͵
tƩǩĻƓźĻƭźĻƓźĻ Ɠğ ƓźǩƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ Ǟ Ʃğƒğĭŷ ƷĻƆ ƭğƒĻƆ ŭƩǒƦǤ ŅǒƓƉĭǤƆƓĻƆ
А͵
ğƉǞğƌźŅźƉƚǞğƓźĻ ķƚ ƓźǬƭǩĻƆ ŭƩǒƦǤ ŅǒƓƉĭǤƆƓĻƆ ĬĻǩ ƌǒĬ ǩ ƦƩǩĻƓźĻƭźĻƓźĻƒ Ɠğ ƓźǩƭǩǤ ƭƷƚƦźĻƓ
Б͵
ƭǒƓźĻĭźĻ ǩĻ ƭƷğƓƚǞźƭƉğ
В͵
hƩğǩ ƚĬƓźǬĻƓźĻ ƌǒĬ ǞƭƷƩǩǤƒğƓźĻ Ɠğ ƚƉƩĻƮƌƚƓǤ ĭǩğƭ ǞǤƦƌğĭğƓźğ ĻƒĻƩǤƷǒƩǤͲ ƩĻƓƷǤ źƓǞğƌźķǩƉźĻƆͲ
ƭƉǒƷƉź ƷĻŭƚ ƭƩƚķƉğ ƓźĻ ƚĬĻƆƒǒƆğ ƚƭƚĬ ƦƚǩƚƭƷğƆĩĭǤĭŷ Ɠğ ǒƷƩǩǤƒğƓźǒ ǒƩǩĻķƓźƉğͲ Ǟ ƦƩǩǤƦğķƉǒ
ƷğƉźĻƆ ƚĬƓźǬƉź ķƚĭŷƚķ ƓźĻ ƒƚǬĻ ĬǤĮ ƓźǩƭǩǤ ƓźǬ ƒźƓźƒǒƒ ƭƚĭƆğƌƓĻ
Њ͵
tƚƆĻķǤƓĭǩĻ ƦƩǩĻǞźƓźĻƓźĻ ƭƐǒǬĬƚǞĻ ƓźĻ ƦƚǞƚķǒƆĻ ǩğƭƷƚƭƚǞğƓźğ ǞźĻĭĻƆ ƓźǬ ƆĻķƓĻƆ ƉğƩǤ
ķǤƭĭǤƦƌźƓğƩƓĻƆ
ğǞźĻƭǩĻƓźĻ ğƩƷǤƉǒƌ ЋЌ Αĭź͵
tƩƚĭĻķǒƩǤ ķǤƭĭǤƦƌźƓğƩƓĻ Ǟ Y9ʹ bğƆĭǩĻƭĭźĻ ƦƩƚĬƌĻƒğƒź {!ʹ
Њ͵
ƌĻ ƩĻƌğĭƆ ǩ źƓƓǤƒź ƦƩğĭƚǞƓźƉğƒź
Ћ͵
tǒƓƉƷǒğƌƓƚƮĮ
Ќ͵
hķƒƚǞğ ǞǤƉƚƓǤǞğƓźğ ǩğķğƓ
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tƩğĭğ ƷǤƌƉ Ǟ ƚŭƩğƓźĭǩƚƓǤƒ ĭǩğƭźĻ
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